There are many important topics that we have to study in this chapter such as 

• Minerals and Ores
• Gangue and Flux
• Types of Flux : Acidic and Basic Flux
• Stag = Gangue + Flux = Stag
• Refractory Materials
• Metallurgy
• Steps of metallurgy : (i) Concentration of the ores, (ii) Extraction of metal from the concentrated ore & (iii) Purification of metal
• Some process are involved in the concentration of the ore which are following –

(i)Gravity Seperation method

(ii) Froath floatation method

(iii) Magnetic seperation method

(iv) Chemical seperation method

• Extraction of metal from the concentrated ores  – (i) Conversion of concentration ores to its oxide from and (ii) Conversion of metallic oxide to the metallic form
• Soft Reduction Method
• Purification of metal – (i) Liquation, (ii) Distillation, (iii) Oxidation, (iv) Poling and (v) Electrorefining
• Extraction of Zinc
• Extraction of Aluminium
• Extraction of Iron
• Phases of Colloidal Solution – Dispersed phases and Dispersion medium
• Types of colloids : Lyophilic & Lyophobic colloids
• Types of colloids on the basis of size of dispersed phase : Multimolecular, Macromd cular & associated colloids.
• Properties of Colloidal solution
• Brownian Movement &  its causes
• Tyndall Effect & important condition for Tyndall Effect
• Electrophoresis